Chapter one
Old clay tiles under the trees
In a parish with tile works in its past, the fixings and the trees overhead matter more than the tile itself.
The 1911 Victoria County History describes Chiddingfold as a well-wooded parish on Wealden Clay, "very deep and tenacious in wet weather", and records tile and brick works there. We cannot say what a given roof is made of until we are standing on it, but a parish with a tile-making past is a good reason to begin with how clay tiles age and what keeps them on.
At a glance
- Nails and pegs fail before the clay does
- Moss and leaves hold water in the overlaps
- Sound old tiles are lifted and relaid

1.1 Why the fixings go first
Each plain clay tile is hooked over a batten, a thin timber strip nailed across the rafters, by two small nibs on its back, and every few courses a nail or peg holds it down as well. The clay itself is hard and slow to wear. The fixings are what give up: nails rust through, pegs rot, and tiles slip a little at a time until one course leans on the next. Cracked tiles show as flaking faces and chipped edges, and frost does the rest, splitting the clay where water has soaked in. We check the shaded slopes first, because moss keeps them wet the longest.

1.2 Moss, leaves and valleys
Under tree cover, moss builds up in the overlaps between tiles and holds water against them. Leaves pack into valleys, the angled channels where two slopes meet, and behind chimneys, and a blocked valley can overflow under the tiles and stain a ceiling a long way from the cause. From the ground it looks like failed tiles, which is why we clear the roof by hand before judging anything. Pressure washing can damage delicate tiles, so we scrape moss off where we can. For a simple pitched roof, our pitched roofing page sets out the work.
1.3 Relay or replace
Old tiles that are sound are worth keeping. We lift them, sort them, renew the fixings and any soft battens beneath, and lay them back, making up the gaps with new tiles chosen to match the size and colour. That keeps the look of the roof and avoids paying for a covering that still has years left in it. Replacing everything becomes the better answer when tiles are failing across every slope, not in one patch. The age figures below are published guides, not promises, and the Building Conservation Directory cautions against leaning on a 60-year figure for roofs of old peg tiles. What the survey finds decides it, not the calendar.
How long tiles and slates are reported to last
- Clay tile (Marley)
- A minimum life expectancy of 60 years was determined by the Building Research Establishment
- Clay tile (MyBuilder)
- Replaced after 40 to 60 years
- Old peg-tile roofs
- Treat a 60-year figure with caution
- Natural slate (MyBuilder)
- 80 to 100 years or more when well installed
Source: Marley; MyBuilder (updated 21/08/2026); Building Conservation Directory, fetched October 2026






