Chapter one
How garage roofs are built and fail
Garage roofs are simple structures, which is why their faults are easy to miss and why a small leak can run for years.
Most garage roofs are plainer than a house roof, which is why their faults go unnoticed. A flat garage roof is a timber deck, normally boards or sheets of ply, resting on joists that span from wall to wall, with a waterproof covering on top and a gutter at the low edge. A pitched garage roof is a small version of the house roof: rafters or trusses, a layer of underlay, battens, then tiles or slates and a ridge along the top. An older sectional garage, or a lean-to built against the house, may carry corrugated sheets laid straight over purlins with nothing underneath. Each type fails in its own way, so the first job is to know which one you have.
At a glance
- A flat garage roof is deck, joists and covering
- Wet boards soften from below before the top shows it
- Sheet roofs usually leak at the laps and fixings
Note Under BS 5250, as Marley sets it out, a lean-to cold roof with HR underlay also needs continuous 5mm ventilation at high level.
1.1 Where water gets in on a garage
Garages have little to hide the damage. There is often no ceiling, so a leak shows as a stain on the joists or a drip onto the car. On a flat roof the weak points are the edges, the junction with the house wall, the gutter outlet and any seam that has stood in water. Felt blisters in summer sun and cracks in winter frost, the cracks let rain reach the deck, and wet boards soften from underneath long before anything shows on top. On a pitched roof it is the usual suspects: slipped tiles, a cracked ridge, a lead flashing lifting where the garage meets the house, and a gutter or valley full of silt. On a sheet roof the laps and fixings are the trouble, because the holes round each bolt widen and the sheets crack at the fixing points.
Because nobody lives in a garage, small leaks run for years. The damp rots the deck, rusts whatever is stored below and, if the garage is attached, can creep into the wall it shares with the house. That is why we look underneath the covering as well as at it, and why a quote comes after the survey rather than before it.
1.2 Repair or replace the garage roof
A roof repair is the right answer when the fault is local and the deck beneath is sound: a split along one seam, a cracked corner, a handful of tiles. A new roof is the better answer when the covering has failed across its whole surface, when water has stood on it for years, or when the boards give under a gloved hand from inside. Patching over a soft deck only moves the leak along, and we show you the soft patch in a photograph so the decision rests on evidence. If the deck is dry, firm and well fixed, a new covering can go straight over it. If it is not, the deck is renewed first, and we recommend the smaller job whenever it properly solves the problem. Our roof repairs page covers the smaller jobs.
Reading a garage roof from the inside
- Underside We look along the joists and boards for tide marks, dark rings and soft patches.
- Edges We check the wall junction, the drip edge and the gutter outlet for gaps.
- Covering We examine the surface above the wettest point and photograph the failure.
Wet boards soften from underneath, long before the top of a flat roof shows it.
If you are standing in your garage with a torch, you can begin the survey yourself. Look for dark rings on the boards, daylight where the deck meets the wall, and drips that line up with a joist. Note the weather when it happens. A photo of the stain, the garage size and whether the roof is flat, pitched or sheeted lets us arrive with the right materials. Please keep off the roof itself, particularly an old sheet roof, because some will not carry the weight of a person.























